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What is the Islamic basis for determining the current fidyah and kafarah rates?


Updated by MUIS

In the Singapore context, the Fatwa Committee has determined that one meal consists of food that is commonly consumed, neither from the most luxurious nor excessively low-quality categories. The rate of $4.00 is determined based on the average price of food according to the Singapore context, guided by data from the Department of Statistics. This is based on Allah's words in Surah al-Māʾidah, verse 89: "feeding ten poor people from the type of moderate food that you eat.” and consistent with the opinions of contemporary Syafi’i scholars such as Shaykh Muṣṭafā al-Bughā who hold that what is prescribed is the cost of a moderate meal for one day of the individual paying the kafarah.

As for kafarah rate, the Fatwa Committee is of the opinion that it is determined by referring to the fidyah rate considering that both use one meal of moderate food as the foundation. For example, if the price of one meal for fidyah is $4.00, then the kafarah rate for breaking an oath is $40.00 ($4.00 x 10), as stipulated by the Quranic verse that requires feeding 10 poor people.

The rate represents a significant methodological shift. Rather than basing calculations on one mudd of staple food (rice), the rate is now calculated using the average cost of one moderate meal that reflects typical Singaporean food consumption patterns. This approach ensures recipients can obtain proper nourishment in today's context.

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