With regards to verses in the Quran that seem to paint more hostile picture on the relationship between Muslim and non-Muslims, there is a need to understand the contexts of the revelations. We need to know that there are variances in the Quranic references to non-Muslims. The more hostile descriptions tend to refer to those who prosecuted the Muslims such as the Quraish of Makkah during the period of political hostility. The Quran did not consider non-Muslims and disbelievers as a monolithic entity. The Quran made clear distinction between those who seek to oppress and fight the Muslims and those who did not fight against the Muslims.

“Allah only forbids you from those who fight you because of religion and expel you from your homes and aid in your expulsion – [forbids] that you make allies of them. And whoever makes allies of them, then it is those who are wrongdoers.” (Al-Mumtahinah: 9)

There is hence an imperative need to differentiate between those who fight the Muslims and those who coexist peacefully. To those who live with us peacefully, we should be kind and just towards them. The historical reality demonstrated that Muslims continued to value positive relationship with non-Muslims who were at peace with them, as demonstrated in Abyssinia.

Even with those who did not treat the Prophet s.a.w. well, they were given kind treatment by the Prophet. Indeed, his act of mercy extended even to those who committed injustices and cruelty towards him and his companions.

It is hence apparent that those who seek to sow discord among Muslims and non-Muslims today are preaching hatred by indulging in conspiracy theories that view them as inherently hostile towards the Muslims. They engage in such dogmas to promote religious exclusivism to stymie religious harmony. Often time, these positions are taken to pursue a political or militant agenda, such as those subscribed by radicals including the bali bomber, Imam Samudra and ISIS.

Therefore, in emulating our beloved Prophet Muhammad s.a.w., we should not seek to make enemies and live in hostility with non-Muslims. They can be our friends, neighbours, colleagues and even family members, and we will treat them with due love and respect.